NL Collections: Singapore Botanic Gardens

1. Singapore Agri-Horticultural Society. (1866). Report of the Singapore Agri-Horticultural Society for 1866. Singapore: Straits Times Press. Retrieved from BookSG. (Accession no.: B03103091F; Microfilm no.: NL5721).

The present Botanic Gardens was founded by the Singapore Agri-Horticultural Society in 1859. Lawrence Niven was recruited as its first superintendent (1859–75). According to this 1866 report, Niven was inspired by the English garden style, which is clearly seen in the many distinctive features that remain today, including the interconnecting curving pathways and promenades, the Bandstand, Swan Lake and the ornamental planting.

2. Botanic Gardens. (1891–1900). Agricultural Bulletin of the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Printed for the Botanical and Forest Department at the Government Printing Office. Available via PublicationSG.

Published in 1891, this is the first periodical produced by the Botanic Gardens. In subsequent decades, the periodical was renamed Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and Federated Malay States (1901–11), Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements (1918–47) and finally Gardens’ Bulletin from 1948. The periodical contains much of the research conducted by the garden’s early botanists and directors.

3. Burkill, I.H. (1918). The establishment of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Straits Settlements, 2 (2), 55–72. (Microfilm no.: NL6574).

In 1918, Isaac Henry Burkill, director of the Botanic Gardens from 1912 to 1925, wrote two articles in the Gardens’ Bulletin on the history of the garden in preparation of its 60th anniversary in 1919. This article covers the early period of the gardens, highlighting the impact of the English garden style on the Botanic Gardens.

4. Burkill, I.H. (1918). The second phase in the history of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Straits Settlements, 2 (2), 93–108. (Microfilm no.: NL6574).

In his second article on the history of the Botanic Gardens, Isaac Henry Burkill recounted how the gardens expanded under its pioneering Kew-trained directors, namely Henry James Murton (1875–80), Nathaniel Cantley (1880–88) and Henry Nicholas Ridley (1888–1912). During this period, the gardens assumed a more scientific role, and the region’s first rubber seeds were planted there by Ridley.

5. Burkill, I.H. (1927). The Botanic Gardens, Singapore: Illustrated guide. London: Waterlow & Sons Ltd. (Call no.: RCLOS 580.744 BUR; Microfilm no.: NL15070).

Isaac Henry Burkill continued to document the history of the Botanic Gardens long after he left. This compilation is one of the gardens’ first photography books and contains close to 50 images of the gardens and its key landmarks. The book also includes an elaborate plan of the gardens.

6. Ridley, H.J. (1912). The story of the rubber industry, with an appendix by L. Lewton-Brain, showing the growth of the rubber industry in Malaya from 1905 to 1912. London: Waterlow. (Call no.: RCLOS 633.8952 RID; Microfilm no.: NL6510).

Henry Nicholas Ridley, director of the Botanic Gardens (1888–1912), is regarded as the father of the rubber industry. Not only did he recognise the agricultural potential of rubber trees, he also spent years perfecting its cultivation, an endeavour that earned him the nickname “Mad Ridley”. This 1912 title by Ridley recounts the economic impact of the rubber industry on Malaya.

7. Ridley, H.J. (1922). The flora of the Malay Peninsula (5 volumes). London: L. Reeve & Co Ltd. (Call nos.: RCLOS 581.9595 RID; RU 581.9595 RID; Microfilm no.: NL15928).

Besides introducing rubber, Henry Nicholas Ridley greatly expanded the gardens’ collection by adding numerous indigenous plants he came across in his various expeditions in Malaya and Singapore. The descriptions of these plants were carefully recorded by Ridley in these five volumes.

8. Holttum, R.E. (1953). A revised flora of Malaya; An illustrated systematic account of the Malayan flora, including commonly cultivated plants (5 volumes). Singapore: Government Printing Office. (Call no.: RCLOS 581.9595 HOL).

Published as a revision to Ridley’s The Flora of the Malay Peninsula (1922), Richard Eric Holttum, director of the Botanic Gardens from 1925 to 1942 and from 1946 to 1949, built on the original publication by including plants cultivated in Malaya. In this book, Holttum provides detailed descriptions of the floriferous orchid-hybrids produced as a result of the gardens’ orchid-breeding programme.

9. Tinsley, B. (1989). Visions of delight: The Singapore Botanic Gardens through the ages. Singapore: The Gardens. (Call no.: RSING 580.74459597 TIN).

Published by the Singapore Botanic Gardens to celebrate its 130th anniversary, this book provides a comprehensive account of the gardens’ history, from its origins to post-independence years. In 2009, the book was updated and given a new title, Gardens of Perpetual Summer: The Singapore Botanic Gardens.

10. Shee, Z.Q., et. al. (2014). Tall tales: Singapore Botanic Gardens heritage trees trail guide. Singapore: National Parks Board. (Call no.: RSING 582.16095957 SHE).

The Singapore Botanic Gardens is more than just plants and flowers as this book by the National Parks Board will attest to. It is also home to 47 heritage trees, some of which are estimated to be over 200 years old. Many of these are located in a 22.4-hectare plot of virgin rainforest in the Tanglin Core area, the oldest portion of the gardens.